93-02: Control of Microbiological Contaminants in Small Cooling Systems Energy Evaluation A planned refinery expansion required

A planned refinery expansion required 1500 GPM of additional cooling water

Several typical examples will be presented along with appropriate charts and graphs to clarify proper application

combined with structural analysis

effluent discharge and operating costs

93-02: Control of Microbiological Contaminants in Small Cooling Systems Energy Evaluation A planned refinery expansion requiredMaintenance programs on the vast majority of cooling towers and attendant open recirculating water systems of 200 tons and smaller are owner administered. The primary means employed for control of microbiological contamination is hand dosing of commercially available biocides. Highlights of a one year study, conducted on a variety of cooling systems at a major university, are presented which show the effectiveness of the biocides and their recommended